Growing models of vertebrate limb development.

Molecular Models for Vertebrate Review Limb Development

The contribution of chicken embryology to the understanding of vertebrate limb development

The chicken is an excellent model organism for studying vertebrate limb development, mainly because of the ease of manipulating the developing limb in vivo. Classical chicken embryology has provided fate maps and elucidated the cell-cell interactions that specify limb pattern. The first defined chemical that can mimic one of these interactions was discovered by experiments on developing chick l...

Mathematical modeling of vertebrate limb development.

In this paper, we review the major mathematical and computational models of vertebrate limb development and their roles in accounting for different aspects of this process. The main aspects of limb development that have been modeled include outgrowth and shaping of the limb bud, establishment of molecular gradients within the bud, and formation of the skeleton. These processes occur interdepend...

Getting a handle on embryo limb development: Molecular interactions driving limb outgrowth and patterning.

Development of the vertebrate embryo involves multiple segmentation processes to generate a functional, articulated organism. Cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning involve spatially and temporally regulated gene expression and signal transduction mechanisms. The developing vertebrate limb is an excellent model to study such fine-tuned regulations, whereby cells proliferate and are ...

Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud morphogenesis.

The vertebrate limb bud arises from lateral plate mesoderm and its overlying ectoderm. Despite progress regarding the genetic requirements for limb development, morphogenetic mechanisms that generate early outgrowth remain relatively undefined. We show by live imaging and lineage tracing in different vertebrate models that the lateral plate contributes mesoderm to the early limb bud through dir...